落葉性喬木,老樹幹有短硬瘤刺,幼枝則有銳利尖刺,葉為奇數羽狀複葉,小葉10至25對,對生,厚紙質,為披針狀長橢圓形,邊緣有規則性細鋸齒,葉背為粉白色,揉搓後有濃郁香氣, 8至9月開花,雌雄異株,小花密集於枝頂,排列成聚繖花序,花為淡黃色,秋季10月結果,果實成熟時裂開,自然掉落或被鳥類取食,內有漆黑色種子。
全株都有利用價值,葉片可作成蔬菜,莖、根、樹皮、種子可作藥用或釀酒,具有經濟價值;葉子是鳳蝶幼蟲的寄主植物。
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